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Scientific interests
Regional climate modelling :
The goal of the climate regionalization is to study regional physical phenomena (from 10 to 50 km) not reachable by the state-of-the-art global climate models (too low spatial resolution) and to study these processes at climate time scales (intraseasonal, interannual and decadal variability, trend, climate change), that are not reachable by very high-resolution process-oriented models (MesoNH, AROME, …). The climate regionalization then requires both long-term simulations and high-spatial resolution.
In the frame of the climate group at CNRM, I’m using two regional climate models (RCMs) : the tilted and stretched-grid version of ARPEGE-Climate and the LAM (limited area model) ALADIN-Climate. ARPEGE-Climate is a global and spectral AGCM allowing a resolution of 50 km over the area of interest in using its zoom capability. It can also be considered as a two-way nested RCM. ALADIN-Climate is a newly developed RCM at CNRM. It can be forced at its lateral boundaries either by ECWMF products (ERA40, ERA-Interim, ECMWF analysis) or by any version of ARPEGE-Climate. Up-to-now ALADIN-Climate was used at 50, 25 and 12 km resolution. Using reanalysis-driven simulations (ARPEGE-Climate with spectral nudging also called ARPERA or ALADIN-Climate with lateral nudging and spectral nudging) we developed “poor-man regional reanalysis” or “regional hindcast” in order to obtain high-resolution meteorological fields following the real chronology over a long period of time. It is a first step towards regional reanalysis. This new kind of simulations are very useful for meteorological case study or regional oceanography issues.
Using that tools, my research activities focus on Europe and the Mediterranean basin. I study climate variability but also some specific regional physical processes such as Mediterranean cyclogenesis, regional winds, extreme precipitations, Mediterranean air-sea fluxes, open-ocean deep convection, water mass formation and Mediterranean ThermoHaline Circulation (MTHC). My scientific interest includes methodology studies dealing with the main qualities and drawbacks of the Regional Climate Models as well as all kind of studies related to the understanding of Mediterranean climate variability.
The Mediterranean Sea and the Mediterranean ThermoHaline Circulation (MTHC) :
The Mediterranean basin is a good case-study for climate regionalization. It is indeed surrounded by various and complex topography channelling regional winds (Mistral, Tramontane, Bora, Etésiens, Sirocco) than defined local climate. Many small-size islands limits the low-level air masses and its coastline is particularly complex. These geographical characteristics require high-resolution climate modelling. What is true for the Mediterranean climate is also true for the Mediterranean Sea (complex coastlines, islands, narrow and shallow straits). To correctly represent the Mediterranean Sea, we need ocean models with at least a 10 km resolution. In the frame of the climate group at CNRM, we develop and use a regional Mediterranean version at 1/8° (9 to 12 km resolution) of the global ocean NEMO code. This Mediterranean model is called NEMOMED8 and replaced our former OPAMED8 model. Many authors consider than the Mediterranean Sea is a laboratory of the global ocean as it shows (close to the European coast) many key and interesting ocean physical processes and, among them, the open-sea deep convection that usually stands in the Greenland, the Labrador and the Weddell Seas. The Mediterranean areas of deep convection (Gulf of Lions, South Adriatic, Rhodes Gyre and the Cretan Sea) lead to a anti-estuarine thermohaline circulation with 3 main layers : a surface layer with the Modified Atlantic Water (MAW, warm and fresh) that flows into the Mediterranean Sea through the Strait of Gibraltar, an intermediate layer with the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW, relatively warm and very salty) and a deep one with the different cold and salty water masses (WMDW, ADW, EMDW, CDW). The ocean deep convection and the MTHC are also well-adapted processes for climate regionalization activities. Their modelling requires high spatial air-sea fluxes, fine representation of the Mediterranean Sea and they show a strong interannual variability and long-term trends. Moreover the MTHC can influence the surrounding climate in modulating the local SST. It has also an impact on the Atlantic Ocean through the Mediterranean Outflow Waters that flow into the Atlantic at about 1000 m and are considered as a source of salt and heat for the Atlantic Ocean.
The study of the Mediterranean Sea, of the high-resolution air-sea fluxes, of the open-sea deep convection and of the Mediterranean Thermohaline Circulation, its regional climate influence and its climate-scale variability are included into my main research interests.
Mediterranean cyclogenesis and Mediterranean intense precipitations :
Another interesting Mediterranean phenomenon is the cyclogenesis. The Gulf of Genoa is one of the major cyclogenesis area of the Northern Hemisphere. The cyclones are formed in the lee side of the main orography anomalies of the Mediterranean basin such as the Alps, the Apennins or the Atlas Mountains. The Mediterranean cyclones are sub-synoptic systems, smaller and with a shorter life-time than their Atlantic cousins. Their specific scales, their orography-induced genesis and their ability to produce intense precipitation events require to use regional climate numerical tools to study their interannual variability and their possible evolution under the climate change. The Mediterranean cyclogenesis was one of my first scientific topic (see my PhD) but their study is now more linked with extreme precipitations such as the so-called “cevenoles” events that can reached few 100 mm/day precipitations in the South-East of France. The better way of modelling such events, their interannual variability, and their possible evolution during the 21st century constitute now one of my main research topics thanks to the CYPRIM, MEDUP and HyMeX projects for example. Hybrid downscaling techniques mixing dynamical and statistical methods and using very high resolution non-hydrostatic models are developed in collaboration with the CNRM meso-scale research group. The impact of the high frequency ocean-atmosphere coupling on these intense events is also studied.
Atmosphere-Land-Hydrology-River-Ocean coupled processes in the Mediterranean climate and the use of Regional Climate System Models
The cyclogenesis, the intense precipitation, the open-sea deep convection and the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation have at least one common point. These phenomena strongly depend on the high-resolution air-sea interaction. Moreover it has been demonstrated that the deep convection occur following cyclone-induced winds and strong air-sea fluxes. The large heat and water losses induced by the Mediterranean cyclones and winds enhance the deep convection. Besides the ocean mixed layer depth drives the Mediterranean heat content and then its capacity to release water and energy to feed Mediterranean cyclones and intense precipitation events. It is therefore logical to study these processes through an air-sea coupled approach using high-resolution Atmosphere-Ocean Regional Climate Model (AORCM) and more recently fully coupled Mediterranean Regional Climate System Model (RCSM). This scientific topic started during my PhD defended in December 2005. Since 2002 and in collaboration with the MEMO team, we developed at CNRM various Mediterranean-dedicated AORCMs coupling the stretched ARPEGE-Climate or the LAM ALADIN-Climate with OPAMED8 and now NEMOMED8 using the OASIS coupler developed at CERFACS. Tri-coupled models and even quadri-coupled models are also developed including an AORCM into a more classical global AOGCM. More recently for the HyMeX and MedCORDEX programs, we developed the first Mediterranean-dedicated Regional Climate System Model (RCM) at CNRM. It includes the regional representation of all the physical components of the regional climate system that is to say, the atmosphere (ALADIN, 50km), the land surface and hydrology (ISBA, 50 km), the rivers (TRIP, 50 km) and the ocean (NEMOMED8, 10 km). The addition of new components such as the lakes, the cities and the aerosols is on-going.
With these numerical tools, we studied the above-mentioned physical processes as well as their interannual variability. Differences between non-coupled and coupled models have been identified and understood in the mean behaviour as well as in the interannual variability of some of these processes. These AORCM or RCSM also allows to produce consistent scenarios for the Mediterranean climate and the Mediterranean Sea. The possible evolution of the Mediterranean cyclogenesis, the intense “cevenol” events, the ocean deep convection and the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation during the 21st century can then be simulated following various climate change scenarios.
Projects :
List of the French and European projects in which I have collaborated or I collaborate.
International projects
MedCLIVAR : Study of the climate variability with the Mediterranean area, atmosphere and ocean components, on-going
WCRP–CORDEX : International intercomparison program for Regional Climate Models validation and coordinated regional scenarios for the IPCC-AR5, on-going
Med–CORDEX : Mediterranean region of the International CORDEX proram, on-going
HYMEX : Study of the Mediterranean basin hydrological cycle and extreme events, 2010-2020, on-going
European projects
FP7-CLIMRUN : Research project on the development of pilote climate service for the Mediterranean region, on-going, S. Somot, WP2 leader
FP7-IMPACT2C : Impacts of a global temperature increase up to 2°C from pre-industrial level, in Europe and most vulnerable regions of the world, on-going
FP6-CIRCE : Climate change impact for the Mediterranean Basin, development and intercomparison of AORCM (ARPEGE-Climate / NEMO-MED2 / NEMO-ORCA2), finished
ERANet-CIRCLE-MED CANTICO : Risk assessment in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia), integrated project from regional climate modelling to risk, finished, S. Somot, French PI
FP6-CECILIA : Very high resolution modelling of Eastern Europe Climate and climate change impact in Eastern Europe, ALADIN-Climate (10 km), finished
FP6-ENSEMBLES : Regional climate modelling : European hindcast and climate change scenarios, intercomparison, ARPEGE-Climat, ALADIN-Climat (20 km), finished
FP5-PRUDENCE : Regional climate modelling and climate change scenario for Europe, ARPEGE-Climat (50 km), finished
FP4-MERCURE : Regional climate modelling, model validation and improvment, ARPEGE-Climat (50 km), finished
French projects
PPR-SiMed and PPR-SiMed-2 : High-resolution modelling of the Mediterranean Sea, on-going
ANR-VURCA : Impact of climate change on French cities, case of the heat waves, on-going
LEFE-MISSTERRE and LEFE-MISSTERRE-II : coordination of the French climate modelling community including Regional Climate Modelling, on-going
ANR-MEDUP : Mediterranean extreme events and uncertainties from the short-term forecast to the regional climate scales, finished
ANR-SCAMPEI : Very high resolution climate modelling for France, impact of climate change on the snow cover and hydrology (ALADIN-Climate, 10 km), finished
ANR-CICLE : Tests for the set-up of a quadri-coupled model : towards a regional coupled model embedded into a global coupled model for the Mediterranean climate study (ARPEGE+ALADIN+NEMO-ORCA2+NEMO-MED8), finished
ACI-CYPRIM : Intense precipitation events in the South-East of France at different time scales, development of new statistico-dynamical downscaling methods for regional climate study, AORCM SAMM=ARPEGE/OPAMED8, first Mediterranean AORCM SRES-A2 scenario, finished
GICC-MedWater : Modelling and climate change impact for the Mediterranean area, use of the stretched ARPEGE-Climate for a first Mediterranean Sea scenario with OPAMED8 (SRES-A2), finished
Publications :
Peer-reviewed publications
Since 2006, I’m co-author of more than 40 peer-reviewed publications
2012
Papadopoulos V.P., S. Josey ; A. Bartzokas ; S. Somot ; S. Ruiz ; P. Drakopoulou (2012) Large scale atmospheric circulation favoring deep and intermediate water formation in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Climate (accepted)
Dubois C., S. Somot, F. Sevault, M. Déqué, , B. Lheveder, L.Li, A. Carillo, A. Dell’Aquilla, A. Elizalde-Arellano, D.Jacob, E. Scoccimarro, P. Oddo, S. Gualdi (2011) Future projections of the surface heat and water budgets of the Mediterranean sea in an ensemble of coupled atmosphere-ocean regional climate models, Clim. Dyn. (accepted).
Jordà G., D. Gomis, E. Álvarez-Fanjul, S. Somot (2012) Atmospheric contribution to Mediterranean and nearby Atlantic sea level under different climate change scenarios. Global and Planetary Change : 80-81, 198-214, doi : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.10.013
Future Heat Waves over Paris Metropolitan Area A. L. Beaulant, A. Lemonsu, S. Somot and V. Masson National Security and Human Health Implications of Climate Change. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C : Environmental Security, 2012, 135-145, DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-2430-3_12 https://springerlink3.metapress.com…
2011
Gualdi S., S. Somot, W. May, S. Castellari, M. Déqué, M. Adani, V. Artale, A. Bellucci, J. S. Breitgand, A. Carillo, R. Cornes, A. Dell’Aquila, C. Dubois, D. Efthymiadis, A. Elizalde, L. Gimeno, C. M. Goodess, A. Harzallah, S. O. Krichak, F. G. Kuglitsch, G. C. Leckebusch, B. L’Heveder, L. Li, P. Lionello, J. Luterbacher, A. Mariotti, R. Nieto, K. M. Nissen, P. Oddo, P. Ruti, A. Sanna, G. Sannino, E. Scoccimarro, F. Sevault, M. V. Struglia, A. Toreti, U. Ulbrich and E. Xoplaki, Future Climate Projections, in Regional Assessment of Climate Change in the Mediterranean, 2011 : A. Navarra, L.Tubiana (eds.), Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. In press
Herrmann M., Somot S., Calmanti S., Dubois C., Sevault F. (2011) “Representation of daily wind speed spatial and temporal variability and intense wind events over the Mediterranean Sea using dynamical downscaling : impact of the regional climate model configuration”, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1983-2001, doi:10.5194/nhess-11-1983-2011
Schroeder K., Garcìa-Lafuente J., Josey S., Artale V., Buongiorno-Nardelli B., Gacic M., Gasparini G.P., Herrmann M., Lionello P., Ludwig W., Millot C., Ozsoy E., Pisacane G., Sanchez-Garrido J.C., Sannino G., Santoleri R., Somot S., Struglia M., Stanev E., Taupier-Letage I., Tsimplis M., Vargas-Yanez M., Zervakis V., Zodiatis G. (2011) Circulation of the Mediterranean Sea and its variability (Chapter 4) In : Mediterranean Climate Variability, Lionello, P. and X, Y. and Z,YR.(eds), Elsevier B.V., pp. xxx-xxx (in press)
Planton S., Lionello P., Artale V., Aznar R., Carillo A., Colin J., Congedi L., Dubois C., Elizalde Arellano A., Gualdi S., Hertig E., Jordà Sanchez G., Li L., Jucundus J., Piani C., Ruti P., Sanchez-Gomez E., Sannino G., Sevault F., S. Somot S. (2011) The climate of the Mediterranean region in future climate projections (chapter 8) In : Mediterranean Climate Variability, Lionello, P. and X, Y. and Z,YR.(eds), Elsevier B.V., pp. xxx-xxx (in press)
Li L., Casado A., Dell’Aquila A., Dubois C., Elizalde A., L’Hévéder B., Lionello P., Sevault F., Somot S., Ruti P., Zampieri M. (2011) Modelling of the Mediterranean climate system (chapter 7) In : Mediterranean Climate Variability, Lionello, P. and X, Y. and Z,YR.(eds), Elsevier B.V., pp. xxx-xxx (in press)
Meyssignac B., Calafat F., Somot S., Rupolo V., Stocchi P., Llovel W., Cazenave A. (2011) Two-dimensional reconstruction of the Mediterranean sea level over 1970-2006 from tide gauge data and regional ocean circulation model outputs. Global and Planetary Change, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.03.002
Déqué M., Somot S., Sanchez-Gomez E., Goodess C.M., Jacob D., Lenderink G., O.B. Christensen O.B. (2011) “The spread amongst ENSEMBLES regional scenarios : Regional Climate Models, driving General Circulation Models and interannual variability”, Climate Dynamics, DOI : 10.1007/s00382-011-1053-x
Josey, S. A., S. Somot, and M. Tsimplis (2011), Impacts of atmospheric modes of variability on Mediterranean Sea surface heat exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C02032, doi:10.1029/2010JC006685.
Sanchez-Gomez E., Somot S., Josey S.A., Dubois C., Elguindi N., Déqué M. (2011) “Evaluation of the Mediterranean Sea Water and Heat budgets as simulated by an ensemble of high resolution Regional Climate Models” Clim. Dyn., 37:2067-2086, doi:10.1007/s00382-011-1012-6
Beaulant A.-L., Joly B., Nuissier O., Somot S., Ducrocq V., Joly A., Sevault F., Déqué M., Ricard D. (2011) Statistico-dynamical downscaling for Mediterranean heavy precipitation, QJRMS, doi : 10.1002/qj.796, available online.
Elguindi N., Somot S., Déqué M., Ludwig W. (2011) “Climate change evolution of the hydrological balance of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas : impact of climate model resolution” Clim. Dyn., 36 (1-2), 205-228, doi : 10.1007/s00382-009-0715-4
2010
Herrmann M., Sevault F., Beuvier J., Somot S. (2010) What induced the exceptional 2005 convection event in the Northwestern Mediterranean basin ? Answers from a modeling study. JGR-O (in press), doi:10.1029/2010JC006162
Coll et al. Coll Marta, Chiara Piroddi, Jeroen Steenbeek, Kristin Kaschner, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Jacopo Aguzzi, Enric Ballesteros, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Jordi Corbera, Thanos Dailianis, Roberto Danovaro, Marta Estrada, Carlo Froglia, Bella S. Galil, Josep M. Gasol, Ruthy Gertwagen, João Gil, François Guilhaumon, Kathleen Kesner-Reyes, Miltiadis-Spyridon Kitsos, Athanasios Koukouras, Nikolaos Lampadariou, Elijah Laxamana, Carlos M. López-Fé de la Cuadra, Heike K. Lotze, Daniel Martin, David Mouillot, Daniel Oro, Saša Raicevich, Josephine Rius-Barile, Jose Ignacio Saiz-Salinas, Carles San Vicente, Samuel Somot, José Templado, Xavier Turon, Dimitris Vafidis, Roger Villanueva, Eleni Voultsiadou (2010) “Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea : status, patterns & threats”, PlosOne (published on-line in august 2010, http://www.plos.org/press/pone-05-0…)
Colin J., Déqué M., Radu R., Somot S. (2010) Sensitivity study of heavy precipitations in Limited Area Model climate simulation : influence of the size of the domain and the use of the spectral nudging technique. Tellus-A, DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00467.x (published on-line, May 2010)
Déqué, M., and S. Somot (2010) : Weighted frequency distributions express modelling uncertainties in the ENSEMBLES regional climate experiments, Climate Research, 44(2-3):195-209 (December 2010), doi:10.3354/cr00866
Aznar R., M.G. Sotillo, M.L. Martín, S. Somot, F. Valero (2010) “Comparison of model and satellite-derived long-term precipitation databases over the Mediterranean basin : a general overview” Atmospheric Research, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.03.026
Beuvier J., F. Sevault, M. Herrmann, H. Kontoyiannis, W. Ludwig, M. Rixen, E. Stanev, K. Béranger, S. Somot (2010) Modelling the Mediterranean Sea interannual variability over the last 40 years : focus on the EMT, JGR-Ocean, 115, C08017, doi:10.1029/2009JC005950.
Ben Rais Lasram F., Guilhaumon F., Albouy C., Somot S., Thuiller W., Mouillot, D. (2010) The Mediterranean Sea as a “cul-de-sac” for endemic fishes facing climate change, Global Change Biology, doi : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02224.x
Farda, A., M. Déqué, S. Somot, A. Horanyi, V.Spiridonov, H. Toth (2010) The ALADIN Model as Regional Climate Model for Central and Eastern Europe, Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, 54 (2), 313-332, doi : 10.1007/s11200-010-0017-7 http://www.springer.com/geosciences…)
2009
Tsimplis M.N., F. Raicich, L. Fenoglio-Marc, A. G.P. Shaw, M. Marcos, S. Somot and A. Bergamasco (2009) Recent developments in understanding sea level rise at the Adriatic coasts. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (in press). Special Issue of Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C : “Venetia and Northern Adriatic Climate” (Ed. P.Lionello), Available online 18 November 2009, ISSN 1474-7065, DOI : 10.1016/j.pce.2009.11.007
Sanchez-Gomez E., Somot S., Mariotti A. (2009) “Future changes in the Mediterranean water budget projected by an ensemble of Regional Climate Models” Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21401, doi:10.1029/2009GL040120
Ricard D., Beaulant A.L., Boé J., Déqué D., Ducrocq V., Joly A., Joly B., Martin E., Nuissier O., Quintana Seguí P., Ribes A., Sevault F., Somot S. (2009) Impact du changement climatique sur les événements de pluie intense du bassin Méditerranéen. La Météorologie, Projet CYPRIM, Partie II, n.67, Nov.2009, page 19-30.
Tsimplis M., Marcos M., Colin, J., Somot S., Pascual A., Shaw A.G.P. (2009) Sea level variability in the Mediterranean Sea during the 1990s on the basis to two 2d and one 3d model. Journal of Marine Systems, 78 (1) : 109-123, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.04.003
Kostopoulou E., K. Tolika, I. Tegoulias, C. Giannakopoulos, S. Somot, C. Anagnostopoulou and P. Maheras (2009) Evaluation of a regional climate model using in-situ temperature observations over the Balkan Peninsula. Tellus A, 61(3) : 357-370, doi : 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00389.x
2008
Somot S. , Sevault F., Déqué M., Crépon M. (2008) 21st century climate change scenario for the Mediterranean using a coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Regional Climate Model. Global and Planetary Change, 63(2-3), pp. 112-126, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.10.003
Déqué, M., Somot, S. (2008) Extreme precipitation and high resolution with Aladin. Idöjaras Quaterly Journal of the Hungarian Meteorological Service, 112(3-4):179-190
Herrmann, M., Estournel, C., Déqué, M., Marsaleix, P., Sevault, F., Somot, S. (2008b) Dense water formation in the Gulf of Lion shelf : impact of atmospheric interannual variability and climate change. Continental Shelf Research 28 (15) : 2092-2112, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.003
Herrmann, M. J., and S. Somot (2008) Relevance of ERA40 dynamical downscaling for modeling deep convection in the Mediterranean Sea, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04607, doi:10.1029/2007GL032442
Herrmann M., Somot S., Sevault F., Estournel C., Déqué M. (2008a) Modeling the deep convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea using an eddy-permitting and an eddy-resolving model : case study of the 1986-87 winter. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C04011, doi:10.1029/2006JC003991
Radu, R., Déqué, M., Somot, S. (2008) Spectral nudging in a spectral regional climate model. Tellus. 60A(5):885-897. doi : 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00343.x
SanchezGomez E., S. Somot, M. Déqué (2008) Ability of an ensemble of regional climate models to reproduce the weather regimes during the period 1961-2000. Clim. Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0502-7
Tsimplis M., Marcos M., Somot S. (2008a) 21st century Mediterranean sea level rise : steric and atmospheric pressure contributions from a regional model. Global and Planetary Change, 63(2-3) : 105-111, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.09.006
Tsimplis, M., Marcos, M., Somot, S., Barnier, B. (2008b) The forcing of the sea level in the Mediterranean Sea between 1960-2000. Global and Planetary Change, doi : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.07.004
2007
Christensen, J.H., B. Hewitson, A. Busuioc, A. Chen, X. Gao, I. Held, R. Jones, R.K. Kolli, W.-T. Kwon, R. Laprise, V. Magaña Rueda, L. Mearns, C.G. Menéndez, J. Räisänen, A. Rinke, A. Sarr and P. Whetton (2007) : Regional Climate Projections. In : Climate Change 2007 : The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. (contributing author : S. Somot)
Jacob D., Bärring L., Christensen O.B., Christensen J.H., de Castro M., Déqué M., Giorgi F., Hagemann S., Hirschi M., Jones R., Kjellström E., Lenderink G., Rockel B., Sànchez E.S., Schär C., Seneviratne S.I., Somot S., van Ulden A., van den Hurk B. (2007) An inter-comparison of regional climate models for Europe : Design of the experiments and model performance. Climatic Change, 81, suppl. 1, pp 31-52, doi : 10.1007/s10584-006-9213-4
2006
Somot S., F. Sevault, M. Déqué (2006) Transient climate change scenario simulation of the Mediterranean Sea for the 21st century using a high-resolution ocean circulation model. Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0167-z , Volume 27, Numbers 7-8, December, 2006, pp. 851-879, Last Draft (pdf)
Li L., Bozec A., S. Somot, K. Béranger, P. Bouruet-Aubertot, F. Sevault, M. Crépon (2006) Regional atmospheric, marine processes and climate modelling (chapter 7). In : Mediterranean Climate Variability, Lionello, P. and Malanotte, P. and Boscolo, R.(eds), Elsevier B.V., pp. 373-397
Ulbrich U., W. May, P. Lionello, J.G. Pinto, S. Somot (2006) The Mediterranean Climate Change Under Global Warming (chapter 8). In : Mediterranean Climate Variability, Lionello, P. and Malanotte, P. and Boscolo, R.(eds), Elsevier B.V., pp.399-415
2005
Somot S. (2005) Modélisation climatique du bassin méditerranéen : variabilité et scénarios de changement climatique. Ph-D thesis. Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse.
Somot S. (2005) Régionalisation des scénarios de changement climatique. Environnement, Risque et Santé, vol.4, n°2, 89-94 (somot_ERS2005.pdf)
2002
Royer J.-F., D. Cariolle, F. Chauvin, M. Déqué, H. Douville, S. Planton, A. Rascol, J.-L. Ricard, D. Salas y Melia, F. Sevault, P. Simon, S. Somot, S. Tyteca, L. Terray, S. Valcke (2002) Simulation of climate changes during the 21-st century including stratospheric ozone C.R. Géosciences, Vol. 334, n°3, 147-154
Other publications
2012
Sofianos S., Vervatis V., Skliris N., Somot S., Lascaratos A., Mantziafou A. (2012) Climate variability and water mass formation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. 11th International Conference on Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics (COMECAP 2012), proceedings of the conference. Springer
Future Heat Waves over Paris Metropolitan Area A. L. Beaulant, A. Lemonsu, S. Somot and V. Masson National Security and Human Health Implications of Climate Change. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C : Environmental Security, 2012, 135-145, DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-2430-3_12 https://springerlink3.metapress.com…
2010
Dubois C., Sanchez-Gomez E., Braun A., Somot S. (2010) A gathering of observed air-sea surface fluxes over the Mediterranean Sea. Note de centre n°113. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. Août 2010
Sanchez-Gomez E., Somot S. (2010) Study of the Mediterranean Sea Water and Heat budgets simulated by an ensemble of high resolution Regional Climate Models. Note de centre n°112. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. Janvier 2010.
2009
Déqué M., Somot S., Sanchez-Gomez E. (2009) Analysis of variance of ENSEMBLES regional scenarios. Note de centre n°108. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. Août 2009
Somot S., Sevaut F., Déqué M. (2009) Design and first simulation with a tri-coupled AORCM dedicated to the Mediterranean study. Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. CAS/JSC Working group on numerical experimentation. Report No.39. (available at http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/s…)
Sevault F., Somot S., Beuvier J. (2009) A regional version of the NEMO ocean engine on the Mediterranean Sea : NEMOMED8 user’s guide. Note de centre n°107. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. mai 2009
2008
Hallegatte S., S. Somot, and H. Nassopoulos, 2008. Anticiper le Changement Climatique autour de la Méditerrannée, Institut de Prospective Economique du Monde Méditerranéen, 76pp.
Beuvier J., F. Sevault, Somot S. (2008) Modélisation de la variabilité interannuelle de la mer Méditerranée sur la période 1960-2000 à l’aide de NEMOMED8. Note de centre n°105. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. septembre 2008
Déqué M., S. Somot (2008) Added value of high resolution for ALADIN Regional Climate Model. Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. CAS/JSC Working group on numerical experimentation. Report No.38. (available at http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/s…)
Somot S., Colin, J. (2008) First step towards a multi-decadal high-resolution Mediterranean sea reanalysis using dynamical downscaling of ERA40. Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. CAS/JSC Working group on numerical experimentation. Report No.38. (available at http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/s…)
2007
Déqué M., S. Somot (2007) Variable resolution versus limited area modelling : perfect model approach. Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. CAS/JSC Working group on numerical experimentation. Report No.37. April 2007. pages 3-03,3-04 (available at http://collaboration.cmc.ec.gc.ca/s…)
Martin, E., Ducrocq, V., Joly, A., Joly, B., Nuissier, O., Quintana-Segui, P., Ricard, D., Sevault, F., Somot, S., Drobinski, P. (2007) La Méditerranée, région témoin : de CYPRIM à HyMEx / The Mediterranean area : projects CYPRIM and HyMEx. Proceedings (8 pages) Congrès SHF – 29ème journée de l’hydraulique : « Variations climatiques et hydrologie », Lyon, 27-28 mars 2007. La Houille Blanche, n°6/2007, 90-96.
2006
Sevault F., S. Somot, M. Déqué (2006) Vers un scénario couplé régional de la Méditerranée au 21ème siècle. Proceedings des Atelier Modélisation Atmosphérique, CNRM Ed., Toulouse, janvier 2006
Li L., A. Bozec, S. Somot (2006) Modelling regional-scale climate change of the Mediterranean. Contribution to CLIVAR newsletter EXCHANGES.
2005
Somot S., F. Sevault (2005) Climate Change impact on the Mediterranean sea circulation : A regional modelling approach. Note de centre n°95. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. février 2005 (somot_sevault_2005.pdf, figures available on demand)
Sevault F., S. Somot (2005) Le modèle OPA-Méditerranée forcé par les flux et la température de surface de la réanalyse ERA40 du CEP. Note de centre n°94. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. janvier 2005 (sevault_somot_2005.ps)
Somot S. (2005) contribution au rapport final du projet européen PRUDENCE (p. 135-140) : publié et disponible sur http://prudence.dmi.dk
Somot S. (2005) contribution au rapport final du projet GICC-MedWater : publié et disponible sur http://www.lmd.jussieu.fr/ li/gicc_…
2004
Sevault F., S. Somot, M. Déqué (2004) Climate Change Scenario for the Mediterranean Sea. Proceedings Ocean Ops 04 (sevault_somot_deque_2004.pdf)
Déqué M., F. Sevault, S. Somot (2004) Mediterranean convection and climate change. Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. CAS/JSC Working group on numerical experimentation. Report No.34. April 2004. WMO/TD-No.1220
2003
Somot S., F. Sevault, M. Déqué (2003) Scénario d’évolution de la mer Méditerranée pour le XXIième siècle. Proceedings des Atelier Modélisation Atmosphérique, 141-144, CNRM Ed., Toulouse, décembre 2003(somot_AMA2003.pdf)
Somot S. (2003) Water Mass Analysis in the Mediterranean Sea. Rapport de stage de fin d’études de l’ENM, n°855. Encadrement : Pr. Keith Haines (ESSC), University of Reading, ESSC, janvier-juin 2003 (disponible à l’Ecole Nationale de la Météorologie) (rapport_stage_recherche_ENM2003.ps.gz)
Sevault F., M. Déqué, S. Somot (2003) Scénario d’évolution de la mer Méditerranée pour le XXIième siècle : le modèle OPA-Méditerranée forcé par Arpège-Climat. Note de centre n°87. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. mars 2003 (sevault_somot_deque_2003.pdf)
Déqué M., F. Sevault, S. Somot : Impact of an IPCC-B2 scenario on Mediterranean sea temperature. Research activities in atmospheric and oceanic modelling. CAS/JSC Working group on numerical experimentation. Report No.33. April 2003. WMO/TD-No.1161
2002
Somot S. (2002) Impact des fleuves sur la circulation en Méditerranée : Approche par la modélisation. Rapport de stage de modélisation de l’ENM, Encadrement : Michel Déqué (CNRM/GMGEC/EAC). juin-juillet 2002 (disponible à l’Ecole Nationale de la Météorologie) (rapport_stage_modelisation_ENM2002.ps.gz)
Somot S. (2002) Caractérisation du climat méditerranéen à partir de données observées et capacité des modèles climatiques régionaux à reproduire ce climat. Rapport de stage de climatologie de l’ENM, Encadrement : Jean-Marc Moisselin (Direction de la Climatologie, Division Développement) et Michel Déqué (CNRM/GMGEC/EAC). octobre-novembre 2002 (disponible à l’Ecole Nationale de la Météorologie) (rapport_stage_climatologie_ENM2002.ps.gz)
Sevault F., S. Somot, M. Déqué (2002) Couplage Arpège-médias – OPA-Méditerranée : Les étapes. Note de centre n°84. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. mai 2002 (sevault_somot_deque_2002.pdf)
2001
Somot S., F. Sevault, H. Douville, M. Déqué (2001) Etude hydrologique de la mer Noire et paramétrisation des échanges avec la mer Egée. Note de centre n°74. Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Echelle et Climat. CNRM. mars 2001 (somot_01.ps)
My last conferences
Since 2000, I have given more than 90 communications in national and international conferences.
2012
Somot S. (2012) Simulations CORDEX en France avec LMDZ, ALADIN et IPSL-WRF. Réunion MISSTERRE, Toulouse, Jan 2012
2011
Somot S., F. Sevault, M. Déqué, R. Aznar, E. Padorno, ,M. Herrmann (2011) “Regional ocean climate change scenarios for the Mediterranean Sea : assessing the uncertainties along the 21st century (with the baroclinic NEMOMED8 model)” VANIMEDAT-II meeting in Majorca (Spain), Nov 2011
Somot S., F. Sevault, A. Alias, C. Dubois, M. Déqué (2011) The CNRM Regional Climate System Model for HyMeX and Med-CORDEX : a multi-component approach to study Mediterranean climate variability. WCRP Open Science Conference : Climate Research in Service to Society, held 24-28 October 2011 in Denver, Colorado (poster).
Somot S., Sevault F., Déqué M., Herrmann M., Dubois C., Aznar R., Padorno E., Alvarez-Fanjul E., Jordà G., Marcos M., Gomis D. (2011) MedCLIVAR, Regional ocean climate change scenarios for the Mediterranean Sea : assessing the uncertainties along the 21st century. WCRP Open Science Conference : Climate Research in Service to Society, held 24-28 October 2011 in Denver, Colorado (poster).
Somot S., Ruti P., and the MedCORDEX team (2011) The Med-CORDEX initiative : towards fully coupled Regional Climate System Models to study the Mediterranean climate variability, change and impact. WCRP Open Science Conference : Climate Research in Service to Society, held 24-28 October 2011 in Denver, Colorado (poster, award)
Somot S. “ A Mediterranean Regional Climate System Model based on NEMO-MED : design, multi-decadal hindcast simulation and ocean results “NEMO user meeting, Toulouse, Juin 2011
Somot S. “CORDEX simulations at CNRM” reunion annuelle du projet LEFE-MISSTERRE-2, Paris, Juin 2011
Somot S. « Analyse des flux atmosphériques pour NEMOMED12 : de ARPERA-50km à ALADIN-MED-12km », Réunion annuelle du PPR-MERCATOR SiMed-2, Palaiseau, Juin 2011 (talk)
Somot S. : “Regional Climate System Modelling of the Mediterranean region at CNRM : a multi-component approach to study climate variability”. Final MedCLIVAR-ESF annual workshop, Lecce, June 2011 (talk)
Somot S. : “The international Med-CORDEX initiative : A multi-component and multi-model approach to study the physical processes, the variability and the trends of the Mediterranean regional climate system”. Final MedCLIVAR-ESF annual workshop, Lecce, June 2011 (invited speaker)
Somot S. Animation des 2 tables rondes pour le TTM3 et rendering des tables rondes, 5th International Hymex workshop, Menorca (Spain), May 2011 (talk)
Somot S. “Regional Climate System Modelling at CNRM : a multi-component approach to study the Mediterranean Sea Water Budget” 5th International Hymex workshop, Menorca (Spain), May 2011 (talk)
Somot S. “Towards a realistic climate modelling of the Mediterranean Sea over the last 50 years : method and result overview” 5th International Hymex workshop, Menorca (Spain), May 2011 (poster)
Somot S. “The Mediterranean Sea surface Heat Budget : from the observed estimates to the atmosphere-land surface-river-ocean regional modelling” European Geophysical Union Assembly 2011, avril 2011, Vienne (Autriche, CL2.3) (talk)
Somot S. “Towards a realistic climate modelling of the Mediterranean Sea over the last 50 years : method and result overview” European Geophysical Union Assembly 2011, avril 2011, Vienne (Autriche, OS2.2) (poster)
Somot S. : « incertitudes dans la modélisation régionale du climat (WP3.1) » réunion finale du projet ANR-MEDUP, Grenoble, Février 2011 (talk)
2010
Somot S., Dubois C., Sanchez-Gomez E., Herrmann M., Alias A., Calmanti S., Sevault F., Elguindi N., Déqué M., 2010 : “Estimating the Mediterranean Sea Water and Heat Budgets : uncertainties in the observed estimates and in the Regional Climate Models”, Réunion GMMC, Toulouse, novembre 2010 (poster)
Somot, S. (2010) : “ Mediterranean Sea Heat Budget : observed estimates, present-climate model evaluation and climate change scenarios ” 4th ESF-MedCLIVAR Workshop, September 2010, Trieste, Italy (Invited speaker)
Somot, S. (2010) : “Added-value and retained-value of Regional Climate Models : Mediterranean examples” 2nd MedCLIVAR-ESF-ICTP Summer School, September 2010, Trieste, Italy (Lecturer)
Somot S. (2010) “WG1 Mediterranean Sea Water Budget : Hymex International Science and Implementation Plan” 4th International Hymex workshop, Bologna, 2010 (oral)
Somot S., Dubois C., Sanchez-Gomez E., Herrmann M., Alias A., Calmanti S., Sevault F., Elguindi N., Déqué M., 2009 : “Estimating the Mediterranean Sea Water and Heat Budgets : uncertainties in the observed estimates and in the Regional Climate Models”, 4th International Hymex workshop, Bologna, 2010 (poster)
Somot S., Dubois C., Sanchez-Gomez E., Herrmann M., Alias A., Calmanti S., Sevault F., 2009 : “Estimating the Mediterranean air-sea heat fluxes : uncertainties in the observations and in the Regional Climate Models”. Atelier Modélisation Atmosphérique, Toulouse, janvier 2010 (poster)
PhD-thesis
TITLE :
Climate Modelling of the Mediterranean Basin : Variability and climate change scenario
TITRE :
Modélisation Climatique du Bassin Méditerranéen : Variabilité et Scénarios de Changement Climatique
PhD thesis manuscrit (pdf, 25 Mo)
KEYWORDS :
Mediterranean, regional climate modelling, air-sea coupling, ocean deep convection, thermohaline circulation, cyclogenesis, climate variability, climate change
MOTS CLES :
Méditerranée, modélisation climatique régionale, couplage océan-atmosphère, convection océanique profonde, circulation thermohaline, cyclogénèse, variabilité climatique, changement climatique
ABSTRACT :
Air-sea fluxes, open-sea deep convection and cyclogenesis are studied in the Mediterranean with the development of a regional coupled model (AORCM). It accurately simulates these processes and their climate variabilities are quantified and studied. The regional coupling shows a significant impact on the number of winter intense cyclogenesis as well as on associated air-sea fluxes and precipitation. A lower interannual variability than in non-coupled models is simulated for fluxes and deep convection. The feedbacks driving this variability are understood. The climate change response is then analysed for the 21st century with the non-coupled models : cyclogenesis decreases, associated precipitation increases in spring and autumn and decreases in summer. Moreover, a warming and salting of the Mediterranean as well as a strong weakening of its thermohaline circulation occur. This study also concludes with the necessity of using AORCMs to assess climate change impacts on the Mediterranean.
RESUME :
Les flux air-mer, la convection profonde et la cyclogénèse sont étudiés en Méditerranée grâce au développement d’un modèle régional couplé (AORCM). Il reproduit correctement ces processus et permet de quantifier et d’étudier leur variabilité climatique. Le couplage régional a un impact significatif sur le nombre de cyclogénèses intenses en hiver et sur les flux et précipitations associés. Il simule une variabilité interannuelle plus faible qu’en mode forcé pour les flux et la convection et permet de comprendre les rétroactions qui la pilotent. L’impact régional d’un scénario climatique est analysé avec les modèles non-couplés : le nombre de cyclogénèses diminue, les pluies associées augmentent au printemps et en automne et diminuent en été. En outre, la Méditerranée se réchauffe, se sale et sa circulation thermohaline s’affaiblit fortement. Cette thèse conclut de plus à la nécessité des AORCMs pour étudier l’impact du changement climatique en Méditerranée.
DEFENSE : Tuesday, 13th December 2005 (Conference room at CNRM, Toulouse)
SOUTENANCE : Mardi 13 décembre 2005 (Salle de Conférence au CNRM, Toulouse)
Le contenu de cette page n’engage que son auteur et en aucune manière la responsabilité du CNRM-GAME.
